从古希腊的模仿论开始,批评理论的一个中心问题就是文艺与现实的关系问题。对于这个问题,20世纪以来,形式主义、经典马克思主义各执一词。形式主义将历史、社会现实“踢”出文本分析之外,注重文学的内部研究。经典马克思主义批评则欣赏揭露、批判异化劳动与社会不平等的文艺创作,其对整个文学活动的批评就是对社会的批判。作为当下英国文化研究领域具有相当影响力的学者托尼·本尼特 Starting from the imitation theory in ancient Greece, one of the central issues in criticizing the theory is the question of the relationship between art and reality. For this issue, since the 20th century, formalism and classic Marxism have their own names. Formalism puts history and social reality out of the text analysis and focuses on the internal study of literature. Classical Marxist criticism appreciates literary and artistic creation that exposes and criticizes alienated labor and social inequality. Its criticism of the entire literary activity is a critique of society. Tony Bennett, a scholar with considerable influence in contemporary British cultural studies