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葡萄糖与蛋白质之间的化学反应是一种常见的生物学过程,称之为“非酶糖基化”。血红蛋白与葡萄糖结合的反应是无酶参与、缓慢和不可逆的。人类葡萄糖可自由渗入红细胞,在红细胞内血红蛋白A不断地形成糖基化血红蛋白(HbA_1),其速率取决于周围的葡萄糖浓度。 测定一份血标本的HbA_1可以提供该病人近3～4个月内血糖水平的精确指标。正常人血HbA_1约占血红蛋白的5.8％,而糖尿病人可增加1～3倍。 实践证明传统识别血糖水平变化的方法是不可靠的,用HbA_1的数值或由它推算出来的平均血糖数值去描述病人的血糖状况比传统的方法更优越。
The chemical reaction between glucose and protein is a common biological process called “non-enzymatic glycosylation.” The reaction of hemoglobin and glucose binding is enzyme-free, slow and irreversible. Human glucose is freely permeable to red blood cells, and within the red blood cells hemoglobin A continuously forms glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA_1) at a rate that depends on the surrounding glucose concentration. Determining a blood sample of HbA_1 can provide an accurate indication of the patient’s blood glucose level over the next 3-4 months. Normal human blood HbA_1 about 5.8% of hemoglobin, while people with diabetes can increase 1 to 3 times. Practice has proved that the traditional method of identifying changes in blood glucose levels is not reliable, using the value of HbA_1 or its estimated average blood glucose values to describe the patient’s blood glucose status is superior to the traditional method.