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目的了解湖南省长沙市2009年甲型H1N1流感病例的流行病学特征,描述甲型H1N1流感在湖南省长沙市的流行过程,评价长沙市有效再生率的变化,为甲型H1N1流感预防控制提供科学依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法对湖南省长沙市2009年诊断的5439例甲型H1N1流感病例的流行病学特征进行描述,包括病例的年龄、性别、职业分布等。采用Matlab软件编程计算长沙市有效再生率R(t)的变化。对长沙市5439例甲型H1N1流感病例的地域分布、各个区县的发病率情况等进行描述。结果长沙市甲型H1N1流感病例男性占59%,女性占41%;92.8%病例集中在0～20岁年龄段,11～20岁为最多,占总病例数的63.7%;从职业构成看,所有病例中,绝大多数为学生,占总病例数的90.4%;所有病例从发病到诊断平均(3±2)d;长沙市甲型H1N1流感高峰出现在2009年11月中旬;以9月1日、10月8日、11月19日为界限,长沙市甲型H1N1流感可以划分为4个阶段,10月8日-11月19日是长沙市甲型H1N1流感病例加速上升的高峰时段;有效再生率R(t)在9月1日学校开学和10月8日国庆长假结束后为最高;从甲型H1N1流感病例地域分布来看,长沙市五区三县一市均有病例出现,其中浏阳市病例最多,发病率最高约22.97/万,宁乡县病例数最少,发病率最低约1.26/万。结论长沙市甲型H1N1流感患者男性明显多于女性,学生占总病例的90.4%,学生是甲型H1N1流感的危险人群,应当注重学校等场所的甲型H1N1流感防控工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of 2009 H1N1 influenza in Changsha City, Hunan Province, to describe the epidemic of Influenza A (H1N1) in Changsha, Hunan Province, to evaluate the change of effective regeneration rate in Changsha, and to provide the prevention and control of Influenza A (H1N1) Scientific basis. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics of 5439 cases of influenza A (H1N1) in Changsha City, Hunan Province in 2009, including the age, sex and occupational distribution of the cases. Using Matlab software program to calculate the effective regeneration rate of Changsha City R (t) changes. The geographical distribution of 5439 cases of influenza A (H1N1) in Changsha and the incidence of each district and county were described. Results The cases of influenza A (H1N1) in Changsha were 59% male and 41% female; 92.8% of the cases were in the age group of 0 ~ 20 years old, with the highest in 11 ~ 20 years old, accounting for 63.7% of the total cases; In all cases, the vast majority of students, accounting for 90.4% of the total number of cases; all cases from the onset to the diagnosis of an average of (3 ± 2) d; Changsha City, influenza A (H1N1) influenza peak appeared in mid-November 2009; September 1, October 8, November 19 as the limit, Changsha City, influenza A H1N1 can be divided into four stages of influenza, October 8 - November 19 is the Changsha City, H1N1 influenza cases accelerated the peak hours ; The effective regeneration rate R (t) was the highest at the school opening on September 1 and the end of the National Day holiday on October 8. From the geographical distribution of Influenza A (H1N1) cases, there were cases in three counties and one city of Changsha City , Of which the most cases of Liuyang City, the highest incidence of about 22.97 / million, Ningxiang County, the smallest number of cases, the lowest incidence of about 1.26 / million. Conclusion The number of Influenza A (H1N1) patients in Changsha is significantly higher than that of women, accounting for 90.4% of the total cases. The students are at risk of Influenza A (H1N1). Influenza A (H1N1) prevention and control should be emphasized in schools and other places.