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铁路运输生产由于本身特点,致使铁路高温作业环境有特殊之处。为探索生产现场切实可行与更为完善的高温评价方法,作者于1984年夏,采用有效热强度指数(EHSI)结合湿球—黑球温度(WBGT)对具有铁路特点的工种进行了环境评价,通过本次试验,证明该二种指标既可反映几种主要气象因素的综合作用,又可反映工人生理变动的大小,且可互相补充。同时还提出了高温的阈限值,以及超过阈限值的允许短暂停留时间,对保障高温作业工人的健康有一定意义。铁路运输由于本身生产特点,如工人分散、昼夜工作、劳动和休息时间不稳定不规律、同时受到多种有害因素的联合作用、某些工种主要是在露天作业等等,致使铁路高温环境具有某些与地方一般厂矿不同的特点。为保障铁路工人身体健康,安排适宜的高温作息时间和确定劳动保护措施,提供现场资料和理论依据,我们于1984年夏在南京—南昌列车上及南京铁路地区,对部分具有铁路特点的工种,试用WBGT(湿球—黑球温度指数)结合有效热紧张指数(Effective Heat Strain Index 简称EHSI)进行了环境评价。
Due to its own characteristics, railway transportation has its own special environment of high temperature operation. In order to explore a feasible and perfect high-temperature evaluation method at the production site, the author conducted an environmental assessment of the trades with railroad characteristics by using EHSI and WBGT in the summer of 1984, Through this experiment, it is proved that the two indexes can reflect the combined effects of several major meteorological factors and reflect the physiological changes of workers and can supplement each other. At the same time, the threshold of high temperature and the allowable short stay of time exceeding the threshold are put forward, which are of certain significance to the health of workers in high temperature operation. Due to the characteristics of their own production, such as the dispersion of workers, day and night work, labor and rest time instability and irregularities, and by a combination of many harmful factors, some jobs are mainly open-air operations and so on, resulting in high temperature railway environment has a Some of the general characteristics of different factories and mines. In order to protect the health of railway workers, arrange appropriate high-temperature work-hours and determine labor protection measures and provide on-site information and theoretical basis, we conducted a survey on some trades with railroad characteristics in Nanjing-Nanchang Railway and Nanjing Railway in the summer of 1984, The WBGT (wet bulb-black ball temperature index) was used in combination with the effective heat stress index (EHSI) for environmental assessment.