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作为笛卡尔哲学大厦顶端的道德学有一个核心的概念——générosité。笛卡尔借助内在于人自身之中的自由意志和理性,赋予这一概念人人平等、利他爱人的义涵。Générosité对其他美德具有统摄性地位,成为德性之冠,充分体现了笛卡尔的道德理想。具有générosité这一美德的人就是笛卡尔心目中的道德圣人。笛卡尔关于générosité的阐释对亚里士多德的大度论、斯多亚学派的圣人论和基督教谦卑学说进行了大胆的突破,并对康德的意志理论产生了影响。因此,générosité在西方伦理学发展史中占有不容忽视的地位。
As the core philosophy of Cartesian philosophy at the top of the building has a core concept - générosité. Descartes, by virtue of the free will and rationality inherent in man himself, confers on this conception the meaning of equality for all and altruism for his love. Générosité has the dominant position of virtue on other virtues, which fully demonstrates the moral ideal of Descartes. Those who have the virtue of générosité are moral saints in Descartes’ minds. Descartes’s interpretation of générosité made a bold breakthrough in Aristotle’s generous theory, the Sainte-school theory of saints and the Christian humility, and influenced Kant’s will theory. Therefore, générosité occupies an undeniable position in the history of the development of western ethics.