视网膜母细胞瘤是眼科领域内最常见的眼内恶性肿瘤,恶性程度高,该肿瘤部分病例的发病与遗传因素密切相关。本世纪七十年代以来,人们在以往研究的基础上,于细胞水平、亚细胞水平、分子水平对视网膜母细胞瘤进行了较为详尽的研究,取得了长足的进展,实现了Rb基因在染色体的定位、Rb基因cDNA的分离、克隆等,并对Rb基因的产物及生物学功能进行了深入的探讨。它不仅对揭示视网膜母细胞瘤的发生、遗传提供了分子水平的依据,而且为人们研究肿瘤遗传机理提供了极好的天然模型。本文对Rb基因研究现状进行了较为全面的综述,并对以往的研究及研究前景进行了简要论述。 Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in the field of ophthalmology, with a high degree of malignancy. The incidence of some cases of this tumor is closely related to genetic factors. Since the 1970s, on the basis of past research, people have conducted detailed studies on retinoblastoma at the cellular, subcellular, and molecular levels, and have made considerable progress, achieving the Rb gene in the chromosome. Localization, isolation and cloning of Rb gene cDNA, and in-depth exploration of the products and biological functions of Rb gene. It not only provides a molecular basis for revealing the occurrence and genetics of retinoblastoma, but also provides an excellent natural model for studying the genetic mechanism of tumors. This article reviews the current research status of Rb gene and briefly discusses the previous research and research prospects.