论文部分内容阅读
腐蚀会引起建筑物的损坏和塌陷,造成原材料和产品的流失,污染环境引起爆炸、火灾和伤亡事故。在我国有的工业部门由于腐蚀使百分之七十左右的厂房受到危害,有少部分厂房已威胁生产,成为危险厂房。工业发达国家由于建筑腐蚀造成的损失超过固定资产的百分之十至十二。腐蚀的危害如此严重而深远,因此,各国对腐蚀理论和控制技术都予以高度的重视。作为防腐蚀材料应具有一定的热绝缘性、抗渗性、耐蚀性,以及同基层有良好的粘结性等。除防腐材料本身具备上述要求外,在决定一项防腐措施时,事先应周密考虑,查阅资料,有时还需经过试验,取得必要而可靠的数据后,才能付诸实施。防腐工程的优劣同施工质量直接有关,除要求熟练地掌握施工技术外,在设计上还应尽可能为施工创造良好的条件。运转时的维护和监控工作都十分重要,任何方面的疏忽大意都会因腐蚀而破坏,缩短使用期限。腐蚀理论和控制技术是一门新兴的多科性的边缘学科,近二十年来,我国在这方面做了不少研究工作,取得了不少成果,在材质上研究出十多个新品种,并对传统材料进行了改性,在工艺上也作了不少改革,但到目前为止,腐蚀领域中的许多问题还有待进一步深入探讨,材料品种和商品化生产的差距仍然很大,施工质量不够稳定。因此有必要将各学科的技术力量组织起来,通力合作,突破防腐技术中的难关,以解决新问题,开拓新领域。
Corrosion can cause damage and collapse of buildings, resulting in the loss of raw materials and products. Environmental pollution causes explosions, fires, and casualties. In some of our country’s industrial sectors, about 70 percent of the plants are damaged due to corrosion, and a small number of plants have threatened production and become dangerous factories. In industrialized countries, the losses caused by building corrosion exceed 10% to 12% of fixed assets. The harm of corrosion is so serious and far-reaching. Therefore, countries attach great importance to corrosion theory and control technology. As anti-corrosion materials should have a certain degree of thermal insulation, impermeability, corrosion resistance, as well as good adhesion with the grassroots. In addition to the above-mentioned requirements for anti-corrosion materials, when deciding on an anti-corrosion measure, careful consideration should be given in advance, access to data, and sometimes trials must be conducted to obtain necessary and reliable data before it can be implemented. The pros and cons of anti-corrosion projects are directly related to the construction quality. In addition to requiring skilled mastering of construction techniques, the design should also create good conditions for construction as much as possible. Maintenance and monitoring during operation are all very important. Any negligence will be destroyed by corrosion and shorten the service life. Corrosion theory and control technology are emerging as multi-disciplinary, marginal disciplines. In the past two decades, China has done a lot of research work in this area and has achieved a lot of achievements. More than a dozen new varieties have been researched in materials. The traditional materials have been modified and many reforms have been made in the process. However, many problems in the field of corrosion have yet to be further explored. The gap between material types and commercial production is still large, and construction quality is still high. Not stable enough. Therefore, it is necessary to organize the technical forces of various disciplines and work together to break through the difficulties in anti-corrosion technology in order to solve new problems and open up new areas.