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雅典的梭伦(Sclon,约公元前630-560年)是世界古代历史上著名人物之一。公元前594年,正当雅典平民与贵族斗争的紧要关头,梭伦受命为首席执政官,实行一系列大胆的经济与政治改革,从而打击了贵族,打击了旧的氏族制度,促进了奴隶制经济发展,为雅典奴隶主民主政治奠定了基础。恩格斯对梭伦的改革作过历史的评价,称他的改革是一次“政治革命”,古代希腊人推崇他为“贤人”。梭伦改革为什么能取得如此成效,对后世产生了深远的影响,除了他的一系列改革措施顺应了历史发展的要求这一根本原因外,与梭伦本人具有执政者的某些应有的品德也不无关系。本文不打算对其改革作全面的评述,只就笔者所接触到的有限史料,以及有关学者的论著,对梭伦的为政之道,略谈一点意见,敬祈专家读者指正。
Athens, Solon (Sclon, circa 630-560 BC) is one of the world famous ancient history. In 594 BC, just as the civilians of Athens struggled with aristocrats, Solon was proclaimed Chief Executive and implemented a series of bold economic and political reforms that hit the aristocracy, cracked down on the old clan system and promoted the slavery economy Development, laid the foundation for democracy in Athenian slave owners. Engels made a historic evaluation of Solon’s reform, saying that his reform was a “political revolution” and that the ancient Greeks admired him as a “wise man.” The achievement of Solon’s reform can have a far-reaching impact on future generations. Apart from a series of reform measures that conform to the requirements of historical development, Solon’s own moral character and some of the due virtues of Solon himself Not unrelated. This article does not intend to make a comprehensive review of its reform. Only on the limited historical materials that I have come into contact with, as well as the treatises on scholars, Solon’s policy of governing the government is a little bit of advice.