水稻骨干恢复系是指在杂交稻育种中广泛应用的一类恢复系。探明骨干恢复系的遗传基础,发掘其重要农艺性状基因/QTL,对分子标记辅助选择水稻恢复系育种具有重要应用价值。本研究以生产上广泛应用的三系骨干恢复系成恢727和两系骨干恢复系9311为亲本,培育了具有250个系的重组自交系群体。分别在2015年三亚和2016年合肥两个环境下进行了9个重要农艺性状表型和SSR分子标记基因型鉴定,用SAS9.2分析表型数据,用QTL Ici Mapping v4.1进行QTL定位分析。在三亚和合肥两个环境下共检测到39个QTL,三亚检测到16个,分布于第1、2、4、7、8、10、11和12染色体上;合肥检测24个,分布于第1、2、3、7、8、9、10和12染色体上。其中qPH1-1在三亚和合肥两个环境下都能检测到,加性效应分别为-1.75和-2.46。在检测到的39个QTL中,有24个QTL的增效等位基因来自恢复系成恢727,15个QTL的增效等位基因来自9311。共计有26个QTL曾被前人定位,13个属于尚未见文献报道的新QTL。另外,在RM279~RM521、RM336~RM3534、RM25~RM547、RM553~RM160、RM222~RM271区段内检测到5个多效性QTL位点。其中RM25~RM547位点与已经克隆的基因Ghd8位置相近。RM553~RM160位点是一个新的多效性位点,分别控制每穗实粒数、单株产量和结实率,而且效应和表型变异贡献率都较大。其余3个位点在前人的研究中分别有所报道,但其多效性则是在本研究中首次发现。在本研究新发掘到的QTL中,控制穗数的QTL qPN12-1,控制穗长的QTL qPL1-2和qPL10-1,控制总粒数的QTL qSNP2-1和qSNP10-1,控制结实率的QTL qSF3-1,控制千粒重QTL qTGW7-1和控制产量的QTL qGY1-1效应均比较大,解释的表型遗传变异比例也较高。本研究的结果将会为相关性状QTL的精细定位、克隆和育种应用奠定基础。 Paddy restorer line is a type of restorer lines widely used in hybrid rice breeding. Probing the genetic basis of the restorer line and exploring its important agronomic trait genes / QTLs is of great value to molecular marker-assisted selection of rice restorer lines. In this study, the three-line backbone restorer line Cheng Hui 727 and the two-line backbone restorer line 9311 widely used in production were used as parents to breed a population of recombinant inbred lines with 250 lines. Nine important agronomic traits phenotypes and SSR molecular marker genotypes were identified in two environments of Sanya in 2015 and Hefei in 2016 respectively. Phenotypic data were analyzed using SAS9.2 and QTL mapping with Qci Ici Mapping v4.1 . A total of 39 QTLs were detected in two environments of Sanya and Hefei, 16 were detected in Sanya, and distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12. Hefei was detected in 24 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12 chromosomes. Among them, qPH1-1 was detected in both Sanya and Hefei, with additive effects of -1.75 and -2.46, respectively. Among the 39 detected QTLs, the synergistic allele of 24 QTLs was derived from restorer lines 727 and the 15 synergistic alleles of 93 QTLs were from 9311. A total of 26 QTLs have been identified by their predecessors, and 13 are new QTLs that have not been reported in the literature. In addition, five plentiful QTLs were detected in RM279 ~ RM521, RM336 ~ RM3534, RM25 ~ RM547, RM553 ~ RM160, RM222 ~ RM271. The RM25 ~ RM547 locus was similar to the cloned gene Ghd8. RM553 ~ RM160 locus is a new pleiotropic loci, which control the number of grain per plant, yield per plant and seed setting rate respectively, and the contribution rate of effect and phenotypic variation are both larger. The remaining three sites were reported separately in previous studies, but their pleiotropy was first found in this study. In the QTLs newly discovered in this study, QTL qPN12-1 controlling panicle number, QTL qPL1-2 and qPL10-1 controlling panicle length, QTLs qSNP2-1 and qSNP10-1 controlling total grain number, QTL qSF3-1, QTGW7-1, which controls the 1000-grain weight, and qGY1-1, which controls the QTL for controlling yield, all have larger effects and explain a higher proportion of phenotypic genetic variation. The results of this study will lay the foundation for fine mapping, cloning and breeding applications of QTLs for related traits.