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本文试图考察美国军控政策在冷战结束后的调整与变革,探究调整的根源,及其与美国整个安全政策变化的关联。文章依据美国对待全球、多边和双边军控机制的态度、政策和行动,分析美国军控的调整与变革过程;根据军控机制产生和存续的战略安全环境状态、军控本身在消解大规模杀伤性武器所构成的安全威胁方面存在的价值,以及推行军控机制建设所产生的效用等三个方面探究美国政策调整的原因。冷战期间及冷战结束初期,美国大致支持并推动了三类军控机制的建设。布什就任总统后,美国对战略安全环境认识的转变、军控机制内在的缺陷及推动军控机制建设的困境推动美国进行政策调整,突发事件、决策者的政策倾向和国内政治环境则加速了这个调整过程,美国军控政策逐步完成了从制度建设到志愿者同盟的转变。
This article attempts to examine the adjustment and reform of U.S. arms control policies after the Cold War, probe into the root causes of the adjustment and its connection with changes in the entire U.S. security policy. Based on the attitude, policies and actions of the United States towards the global, multilateral and bilateral arms control mechanisms, the article analyzes the process of adjustment and transformation of the U.S. arms control. According to the status of the strategic security environment that the arms control mechanism produces and survives, the arms control itself is designed to eliminate mass destruction The value of the security threats posed by sexual weapons, and the utility of promoting the construction of the arms control mechanism to probe into the reasons for the U.S. policy adjustment. During the Cold War and the beginning of the Cold War, the United States generally supported and promoted the construction of three types of arms control mechanisms. After Bush took office as President, the changes in the U.S. understanding of the strategic security environment, the inherent flaws in the arms control mechanism and the dilemma of promoting the establishment of the arms control mechanism have prompted the United States to make policy adjustments. As a result, unexpected incidents, policy tendencies of policy makers and the domestic political environment have accelerated In this adjustment process, the U.S. arms control policy has gradually completed the transition from system construction to volunteer alliance.