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本研究利用均匀分布于水稻12条染色体上的36对SSR引物,以57份来自非洲和5份国内生产上的骨干品种为试验材料,进行遗传多样性分析和SSR指纹图谱的构建。结果表明:36对引物在供试材料中都具有多态性片段,共检测到192个等位基因,平均每位点5.3个等位基因;每个标记的多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.181~0.823,平均值为0.570,从中筛选出在供试材料中多态性好、扩增稳定、杂带少且PIC比较高的18个引物为核心标记构建指纹图谱。采用非加权类平均法进行聚类分析,结果显示:62个品种在相似系数0.66处分为籼、粳两亚种类群;聚类树形图也能比较好地划分品种的地理来源。以等位位点的纯合性为指标,54个品种具有稳定的遗传基础。研究结果有助于优异水稻资源的创新利用,辅助杂交育种中的亲本选配,扩大栽培稻遗传基础进而提高产量、改良品质和抗性。
In this study, 36 pairs of SSR primers uniformly distributed on 12 chromosomes of rice were used to analyze the genetic diversity and SSR fingerprinting of 57 Chinese and 5 domestic varieties from Africa. The results showed that all the 36 pairs of primers had polymorphic fragments in the tested materials. A total of 192 alleles were detected with an average of 5.3 alleles per locus. The PIC of each marker was 0.181 ~ 0.823 with an average value of 0.570, and 18 fingerprints with good polymorphism, stable amplification, less hybrid and PIC were screened out as the core markers. The results of cluster analysis using unweighted average method showed that 62 cultivars were classified into indica and japonica subtypes at the similarity coefficient of 0.66, and the cluster tree could also better differentiate the geographical origin of the cultivars. The homozygosity of the alleles as an indicator, 54 varieties have a stable genetic basis. The results of this study contribute to the innovative utilization of excellent rice resources, assisting the parental selection in hybrid breeding and expanding the genetic basis of cultivated rice so as to improve yield, improve quality and resistance.