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通过实地调研5.12大地震后汶川震区附近道路沿线的滑坡与崩塌灾害分布情况,对地震烈度、地形地貌及地质构造等影响边坡动力稳定性的主要因素进行了分析。经过统计表明,沿发震断层长轴方向的地质灾害点数目明显地比垂直于断层的短轴方向比较多;地震滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害在该区域分布上以沿河流水系呈线状分布;地震引发的滑坡多集中在坡度20°～50°范围的边坡上,开始滑动的位置大多发育在边坡的中上部。此外,地震引发的滑坡、崩塌的分布与地质构造关系也非常密切,距离发震断层越近,滑坡、崩塌出现的密度就越大;上盘区域内滑坡、崩塌的出现密度及震害程度都远远大于下盘区域,并存在明显的优势滑动效应;发震断层端部、错落、转折等尖端部位在错断过程中,能量释放将会最为强烈,这些部位的地质灾害发育较为集中。
Through the field investigation of the distribution of landslides and collapses along the road near Wenchuan earthquake area after the May 12 earthquake, the main factors affecting the dynamic stability of the slope are analyzed, such as earthquake intensity, topography and geological structure. The statistics show that the number of geological disasters along the long axis of the seismogenic fault is obviously more than the direction perpendicular to the short axis of the fault. The geological disasters such as landslides and collapsing are linearly distributed along the river system in this region The landslides triggered by the earthquake are mostly concentrated in the slopes with the slope of 20 ° ~ 50 °. Most of the lands that started to slide are located in the middle and upper part of the slope. In addition, the distribution of landslides and collapses caused by earthquakes is also closely related to the geological structure. The closer to seismogenic faults, the greater the density of landslides and collapses. The occurrence density of landslides and collapses in the upper plate area and the degree of damage are all Which is far greater than the area of the lower plate, and there is a clear advantage of sliding effect. At the tip of the seismogenic fault, the energy release will be the strongest during the breaking process, and the geological disasters in these areas are more concentrated.