“正义是社会制度的首要价值,正像真理是思想体系的首要价值一样”1,罗尔斯在《正义论》开篇如是说。正义观念在人类的思想发展史和社会发展史上有着举足轻重的地位,罗尔斯的正义论对于我们完善社会主义市场经济具有重要的启示。一、罗尔斯:作为公平的正义在《正义论》中,罗尔斯开宗明义地讲,“正义的主要问题是社会的基本结构,或更准确的说,是社会主要制度分配基本权利和义务,决定由社会合作产生的利益之划分的方式”2。罗尔斯把既存的主导西方 “Justice is the primary value of a social system, just as truth is the primary value of a system of ideas.” 1 Rawls said at the opening of “Justice.” The concept of justice plays a decisive role in the history of the development of human thought and in the history of social development. Rawls’s theory of justice has an important enlightenment for us in perfecting the socialist market economy. I. Rawls: As Justice in Justice In his “Theory of Justice,” Rawls explicitly stated that “the major issue of justice is the basic structure of society or, to be more precise, the distribution of fundamental rights of the major social systems and Obligations, ways of determining the division of benefits arising from social co-operation ”2. Rawls put the existing dominant west