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我国食管癌高发区死亡率仍然居高不下，医院收治的患者多为中晚期，治疗后的５年生存率长期徘徊不前，这是食管癌 防治急待解决的主要问题。在高危人群中采用内窥镜检查辅以碘染色及活检病理学检查进行筛查可早期发现癌前病变及早期癌，内 窥镜下的粘膜切除术可根治这些病变。由于有较高的检出率，这一策略符合成本——效益原则，其推广可能在近期（５年）降低死亡 率，远期（１０年）降低发病率。从而减少当地农民因病致贫及因病返贫事件的发生，极大地促进地区社会及经济发展。目前正在进行 或将要进行的一系列相关研究则可使这一策略更加臻于完备。
The mortality rate in the high-incidence areas of esophageal cancer in China remains high. Most of the patients admitted to hospitals are in the middle and late stages. The 5-year survival rate after treatment has remained stagnant for a long time. This is an urgent problem to be solved in the prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer. In high-risk populations, endoscopic examination combined with iodine staining and biopsy pathology screening can be used to detect precancerous lesions and early cancers. Endoscopic mucosal resection can cure these lesions. Due to the high detection rate, this strategy is in line with the cost-effectiveness principle. Its promotion may reduce the death rate in the near future (5 years) and reduce the incidence rate in the long term (10 years). This will reduce local farmers’ poverty due to illness and return to poverty due to illness and greatly promote social and economic development in the region. A series of related studies that are currently underway or will be conducted will make this strategy even more complete.