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科学研究证明,无论环境温度是恒温或变温,某一个生物种群的生长发育所需的热量是不变的,在发育起点温度以上与发育上限温度以下的温度和时间的组合总是一致的。在农业生产实践中,温度越低,则农业生态系统中的生物诸如作物、有害生物及其天敌的生长发育也越慢;随着温度的升高,发育所需时间逐渐减少,直至温度升高到足以影响这些生物的生长发育。我们把衡量生物热量积累程度的尺度叫做生理时间。生理时间也就是有效积温,以“度·日”作为度量单位。本文着重论述农业生态系统中生物种群生理时间的计算与应用。
Scientific research shows that the amount of heat required for the growth and development of a biological population is constant regardless of whether the ambient temperature is constant or variable and that the combination of temperature and time above the developmental onset temperature and below the developmental upper limit temperature are always consistent. In agricultural practice, the lower the temperature, the slower the growth and development of organisms such as crops, pests and their natural enemies in agro-ecosystems. As the temperature increases, the time required for development decreases until the temperature rises Enough to affect the growth of these creatures. We call the measure of the degree of bio-calorie accumulation physiological time. Physiological time is also effective accumulated temperature, with “degrees · day” as the unit of measure. This article focuses on the calculation and application of biological population physiological time in agro-ecosystems.