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目的调查2岁儿童正常词汇发展情况,探讨儿童语言发育迟缓筛查标准。方法选择2015年5-12月在连云港市儿童医院就诊的704名2岁儿童为研究对象,其中有效样本700名,由专人问卷调查儿童最常用的245个词汇的表达情况。结果2岁时自发表达的词汇量平均为109个,24~25个月儿童第5和第10百分位词汇量分别为30个和50个。24~25个月与26~27个月儿童男女词汇量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在所罗列的16类词汇中,概括为名词(137个)、动词(32个)、形容词(38个)和其他词(包括介词、代词、疑问词、否定词等38个)四大类,随着年龄增长,名词占总词汇量的比例逐渐减少,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而形容词和其他词占总词汇量的比例逐渐增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);只有动词占总词汇量的比例各年龄无明显差别。结论 2岁时自发表达的词汇量少于30个可视为语言发育迟缓,自发表达的词汇量少于50个可视为语言发育迟缓可能。
Objective To investigate the normal vocabulary development of 2-year-old children and explore the screening criteria of language retardation in children. METHODS: A total of 704 2-year-old children attending Children’s Hospital of Lianyungang from May to December in 2015 were enrolled in this study. Among them, 700 were valid samples, and the most commonly used 245 words in children were selected by questionnaire survey. Results The average number of spontaneous vocabularies was 109 at 2 years of age, and the 30th and 50th percentiles of children at 24-25 months were 30 and 50 respectively. There was significant difference between boys and girls in vocabulary of 24-25 months and 26-27 months (P <0.05). Among the 16 categories listed in the glossary, there are four categories of nouns (137), verbs (32), adjectives (38) and other words (including 38 prepositions, pronouns, interrogatives and negatives) With the increase of age, the proportion of nouns in total vocabulary gradually decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); while the proportion of adjectives and other words in total vocabulary increased gradually with a significant difference (P <0.05 ); Only the proportion of verbs in total vocabulary no significant difference between the ages. Conclusions Less than 30 words spontaneously expressed at the age of 2 can be regarded as language retardation. Less than 50 words spontaneously expressed may be considered as language retardation.