Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and diabetes mellitus are both highly prevalent disorders.There has been a recent recognition of an association between insulin resistance and sleep apnea.Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has emerged as an effective therapy for treatment of OSA and has been shown to positively influence numerous pathophysiological factors that con-tribute to cardiovascular risk.There is emerging data that explores the influence of CPAP therapy,insulin sensitivity and glycemic control.In the current review,we examine this literature critically and formulate a synopsis that summarizes the current knowledge in this field. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and diabetes mellitus are both highly prevalent disorders. There has been a recent recognition of an association between insulin resistance and sleep apnea. Contoured positive airway pressure (CPAP) has emerged as an effective therapy for treatment of OSA and has been shown to affect much pathophysiological factors that that con-tribute to cardiovascular risk. There is emerging data that explores the influence of CPAP therapy, insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. In the current review, we examine this literature critically and formulate a synopsis that summarizes the current knowledge in this field.