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目的了解需要输血或进行外科手术的住院患者中人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染情况。方法检测178773例住院患者中需要输血以及外科手术的患者进行HIV抗体的检测,HIV抗体初筛采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA法),阳性者送省疾控中心艾滋病确证实验室做蛋白印迹试验(Western-Blot,WB)确诊。结果 178773例需要输血以及外科手术的住院患者中,HIV抗体阳性者238例,阳性检出率1.33‰,238例HIV/AIDS患者几乎涉及所有临床科室;年龄分布主要为20～40岁(77.31%),其职业虽涉及公务员、退休干部、教师、律师、汽车司机、大/中学生、美容美发师与娱乐场所人员等,而最多的还是无固定职业者(50.00%)。结论对需要输血以及外科手术的患者进行HIV抗体的检测是发现HIV/AIDS的一条重要途径,综合医院应加强对住院患者的HIV抗体检测,以便及早发现HIV/AIDS患者,避免AIDS的医源性传播。
Objectives To understand the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in hospitalized patients who require blood transfusion or surgery. Methods A total of 178773 inpatients with blood transfusion and surgery were tested for HIV antibody. HIV antibody screening was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the positive samples were sent to the CDC HIV positive laboratory for Western blotting (Western-Blot, WB) confirmed. Results Among the 178773 hospitalized patients who needed blood transfusion and surgery, 238 were HIV positive and the positive rate was 1.33 ‰. 238 cases of HIV / AIDS patients were involved in almost all clinical departments; the age distribution was mainly between 20 and 40 years old (77.31% ). The occupations of civil servants, retired cadres, teachers, lawyers, car drivers, college / university students, beauty hairdressers, and entertainment venues are the highest among those with no occupation (50.00%). Conclusion The detection of HIV antibody in patients who need blood transfusion and surgery is an important way to find out HIV / AIDS. The general hospital should strengthen the detection of HIV antibody in hospitalized patients in order to detect HIV / AIDS patients as early as possible and avoid the iatrogenic spread.