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目的：研究早期口服双歧杆菌三联活菌对早产儿肠道菌群和喂养症状的影响。方法选择60例符合条件的住院早产儿并随机分为2组，分别为口服双歧杆菌三联活菌组（研究组）及对照组，在生后3d、1周及2周龄时分别留取早产儿大便标本，同时记录喂养症状，采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测标本中的肠道乳酸杆菌及双歧杆菌。结果研究组喂养不耐受的发生率为4例（13.3%），对照组为12例（40.0%），2组比较差异具有统计学意义（P=0.0195）。研究组在1周时肠道乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量分别为7.84±0.35，8.52±0.23，对照组分别为6.39±0.53，7.01±0.48，2组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.013，P=0.024）。研究组在2周时肠道乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量分别为8.62±0.28，9.45±0.64，对照组分别为7.34±0.59，7.85±0.43，2组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.036，P=0.007）。结论早期口服双歧杆菌三联活菌的住院早产儿喂养不耐受发生率低于未口服双歧杆菌三联活菌早产儿，同时肠道的双歧杆菌及乳酸杆菌数量高于未口服双歧杆菌三联活菌早产儿。“,”Objective To study the impact of early oral triple viable Bifidobacterium intestinal flora of premature infants and feeding symptoms. Methods 60 preterm infants hospitalized were randomly divided into two groups, oral triple viable Bifidobacterium group (study group) and control group, three days after birth, 1 week and 2 weeks of age, respectively stool specimens were specimens in preterm children, while recording feeding symptoms and using real-time PCR technology to measure intestinal specimens Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Results Study group incidence of feeding intolerance in 4 patients (13.3%), control group of 12 patients (40.0%), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.0195). Number of study group of intestinal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria at 1 week old was 7.84±0.35, 8.52±0.23, the control group was 6.39±0.53, 7.01±0.48, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.013, P=0.024). Number of study group of intestinal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria at 2 weeks of age was 8.62±0.28, 9.45±0.64, the control group was 7.34±0.59, 7.85±0.43, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.036, P=0.007). Conclusion Early oral bifidobacteria in preterm hospitalized triple viable group of intestinal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was higher than oral triple viable Bifidobacterium group, while the incidence of feeding intolerance was significantly lower.