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嘌呤受体P2家族是目前发现的最复杂的受体家族之一，根据其分子结构和信号转导机制的不同可分为配体门控非选择性阳离子通道受体P2X（P2X1～P2X7）和G蛋白偶联受体P2Y（P2Y1、P2Y2、P2Y4、P2Y6、P2Y11～P2Y14）。其中，P2X受体可被其配体 ATP激活，使初级传入神经元兴奋性过度增加，从而激活痛觉通路，最终导致痛觉过敏。该文简述P2受体的分类和功能以及P2 X受体的分子结构，着重阐述P2 X受体在糖尿病痛性神经病变中的表达变化以及潜在的调节机制。“,”Purinergic receptors P2 family is one of the most complex receptor families discovered so far . P2 receptors belong to two families based on molecular structure and mechanism of signal transduction , namely P2X ionotropic ligand-gated ion channel receptors (P2X1-P2X7)and P2Y metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors(P2Y1,P2Y2,P2Y4,P2Y6,P2Y11-P2Y14).The P2X receptors can be activated by the extracellularly released ATP,which increases the excitability of primary afferent neurons and activates pain pathways,that eventually results in hyperalgesia.Here is to make a brief summary of the classification and function of P2 receptor and molecular structure of P2X receptor,with main focus on change of P2X receptors expression in painful diabetic neuropathy and the underlying regulative mechanisms .