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目的了解晴隆县健康人群病毒性乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)表面抗原、表面抗体水平及表面抗原抗体同时阳性率,探讨乙肝感染情况,为防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样方法,从全县14个乡镇中每个乡镇随机抽取一个行政村,每个行政村随机抽取8个年龄组共30人采静脉血分离血清,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测乙肝表面抗原(HBs Ag)、乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)。结果 2015年晴隆县健康人群HBs Ag、抗-HBs、HBs Ag和抗-HBs同时阳性率分别为4.52%、49.23%、1.73%;各年龄段之间、各乡镇之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);定点接种抗-HBs阳性率为52.73%,大于逐户上门接种的42.39%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。8~12月龄组和5~6岁组HBs Ag、HBs Ag和抗-HBs同时阳性率呈现2个高峰,8~12月龄组抗-HBs阳性率最高,以后随着年龄的增长逐渐降低,特别是5~6岁组后降幅明显;城乡结合部、边远少数民族乡镇呈现HBs Ag、HBs Ag和抗-HBs同时阳性率偏高,抗-HBs阳性率偏低的现象。结论提高乙肝疫苗免疫及时率及基础免疫全程接种率,加强边远少数民族乡镇、城乡结合部人群乙肝疫苗查漏补种和5岁以上人群每3~5年一次乙肝疫苗加强免疫以及加强乙肝防控措施宣传教育,是预防和控制乙肝疫情的关键。
Objective To understand the positive rate of surface antigen, surface antibody and surface antigen antibody in healthy population of Qinglong county and explore the status of hepatitis B infection, so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods A random sampling method was used to select one administrative village randomly from each of the 14 villages and towns in the county. Thirty rabbits from 8 age groups were randomly selected from the venous blood to collect the serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). Results The positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBsAg and anti-HBs in healthy population in Qinglong County in 2015 were 4.52%, 49.23% and 1.73%, respectively. There was statistical significance among all age groups and townships (P <0.01). The positive rate of anti-HBs by inoculation was 52.73%, which was higher than 42.39% by door-to-door inoculation, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The positive rates of HBs Ag, HBs Ag and anti-HBs in 8-12 months group and 5-6 years old group showed two peaks at the same time. The positive rate of anti-HBs in 8-12 months group was the highest, then gradually decreased with age Especially in the age group of 5 to 6 years. The combined positive rates of HBs Ag, HBsAg and anti-HBs in urban-rural areas and remote ethnic townships were high and the positive rate of anti-HBs was low. Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccine can improve the timeliness of immunization and the whole immunization coverage of basic immunization, strengthen the detection and vaccination of Hepatitis B vaccine among the towns and villages in border areas of remote ethnic minorities, the combination of urban and rural areas, and hepatitis B vaccine every 5 to 5 years. Publicity and education measures are the key to preventing and controlling the outbreak of hepatitis B