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树突状细胞(DC)含有不同的异质性亚群,在获得性免疫的启动、定向激活及调节中发挥重要作用。DC的自身发育分化及功能性成熟受细胞因子及转录因子构成的复杂网络调控。近期研究发现,microRNA(miRNA)通过抑制蛋白翻译或降解mRNA转录本来调控基因表达,调节包括免疫系统在内的多种生物学过程。许多miRNA在B、T淋巴细胞、DC、巨噬细胞及其他类型免疫细胞的发育、分化、存活及功能成熟起到重要作用,部分DC相关的miRNA如miR-155和miR-146a同时参与其他免疫细胞的调节。本文综述了DC亚群的功能,靶向不同DC亚群的免疫后果及细胞表面受体的种类;同时也总结了miRNA在DC由髓系前体细胞发育并分化为特异性亚群过程以及其在DC特异性功能中所发挥的重要作用。
Dendritic cells (DCs) contain different heterogeneous subsets and play an important role in the initiation, directional activation and regulation of adaptive immunity. DC’s own development, differentiation and functional maturation are regulated by complex networks of cytokines and transcription factors. Recent studies have found that microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by inhibiting protein translation or degrading mRNA transcripts and regulating various biological processes, including the immune system. Many miRNAs play an important role in the development, differentiation, survival and functional maturation of B, T lymphocytes, DCs, macrophages and other types of immune cells. Some DC-related miRNAs such as miR-155 and miR-146a are involved in other immune responses Regulation of cells. This review summarizes the functions of DC subpopulations, the immune consequences of targeting different DC subpopulations, and the types of cell surface receptors. It also summarizes the process by which miRNAs develop and differentiate into specific subpopulations in DCs derived from myeloid progenitors Plays an important role in DC-specific functions.