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为应对单边仲裁员委任机制所面临的道德困境,Paulsson提出了废除单边仲裁员委任机制,改由中立的机构委任仲裁员的主张,引起了国际仲裁界的激烈反应。一方面,单边仲裁员委任机制拉近了当事人与仲裁程序之间的距离,增强了人们对仲裁的信任,巩固了仲裁作为一种诉讼外纠纷解决模式的合法性;另一方面,此种委任机制带来了诸如仲裁员代理人化等严重的道德问题,阻碍了正义的正常输送,破坏了仲裁的正面形象。当今,仲裁的类型日趋细化,任何一刀切的解决方案,都可能适得其反。在经济领域,欲使单边仲裁员委任机制从困境中成功突围,有必要对投资仲裁与商事仲裁加以区分。对于投资仲裁,废除单边仲裁员委任机制具有可行性,但关键问题在于如何确保委任机构的中立性。对于商事仲裁,废除单边仲裁员委任机制不具有可行性,但应采取必要措施以规避或降低此种委任机制给案件带来的负面影响。与此同时,应大力倡导独任仲裁员机制的运用;在双方当事人实际地位悬殊之时,有必要引入特殊机制,以保障仲裁庭的公正性。
In response to the moral dilemma faced by the unilateral arbitrator appointment mechanism, Paulsson put forward the proposal of abolishing the appointment mechanism of the unilateral arbitrator and replacing the arbitrator with a neutral organization, which has aroused the fierce reaction of the international arbitration community. On the one hand, the appointment mechanism of unilateral arbitrators has narrowed the distance between the parties and the arbitration procedure, strengthened people’s trust in arbitration and consolidated the legitimacy of arbitration as a dispute resolution mode outside litigation. On the other hand, The appointment mechanism poses serious moral problems such as arbitration of arbitrators, impedes the proper transfer of justice and undermines the positive image of arbitration. Nowadays, the types of arbitration are increasingly refined and any one-size-fits-all solution may be counterproductive. In the economic field, to make the appointment mechanism for unilateral arbitrators successful from a difficult situation, it is necessary to make a distinction between investment arbitration and commercial arbitration. With regard to investment arbitration, it is feasible to abolish the appointment mechanism for unilateral arbitrators. However, the key issue is how to ensure the impartiality of the appointed institutions. With regard to commercial arbitration, it is not feasible to abolish the appointment mechanism of unilateral arbitrators. However, the necessary measures should be taken to avoid or reduce the negative impact on the case from such a mechanism of appointment. At the same time, we should vigorously promote the use of the sole arbitrator mechanism. When the actual status of both parties is poor, it is necessary to introduce special mechanisms to guarantee the impartiality of the arbitral tribunal.