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尽管法国在18世纪经历了启蒙运动与大革命,延续了若干世纪的旧教育体制却直至1879年才走到尽头,将法国带进了共和主义教育时代。在此过渡时期,法国在政治上完成了从王权更迭到共和国的转变;在教育上则以共和主义教育代替了旧教育体制。本文以文学视角分析了19世纪法国旧教育体制末期(1800—1879)中小学教师在作家笔下的两大文学特征,即迂腐的形象与低微的社会地位。本文以教师的文学形象变化为线索,描述了法国教育体制变革给教师带来的正规培训与社会地位的提升,法国教育界经历的渐进的世俗化与职业化进程。
Although France experienced the Enlightenment and the Great Revolution in the 18th century, the old education system that lasted for centuries did not come to an end until 1879, bringing France into the era of republican education. During this period of transition, France has politically completed the transition from the change of monarchy to the republic; in education, it replaced the old education system with republicanism. This article analyzes the two literary traits of primary and secondary school teachers in the late 19th century French old education system (1800-1879), that is, pedantic image and low social status. This article takes the change of the literary image of the teacher as a clue to describe the formal training and social status promotion brought about by the reform of the French educational system and the gradual secularization and professionalization process that the French education sector has experienced.