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通过黑龙江省嫩江县的实地考察及入户调研访谈,采用以数据包络分析为基础的两步法,对研究区域内不同利用模式下耕地利用效率及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:(1)嫩江县整体耕地利用效率为0.874,个人承包耕地利用效率最高。(2)研究区域内不同作物耕地利用效率有很大差异,玉米种植区域普遍处于规模报酬递减阶段,大豆等其他作物呈规模收益递增状态。(3)单位化肥投入量、农机马力水平、每公顷收益等因素对耕地利用效率存在显著影响。政府应加强规模生产管理、提高技术效率、重视监督与引导,切实提高黑土区耕地利用效率,保护黑土区耕地资源和保障农民收益。
Through field investigation and household interview in Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province, the two-step method based on data envelopment analysis was used to analyze the efficiency and influencing factors of cultivated land use under different utilization patterns in the study area. The results show that: (1) Nengjiang County has a total cultivated land use efficiency of 0.874, and the individual contracted cultivated land has the highest utilization efficiency. (2) There is great difference in the efficiency of arable land use among different crops in the study area. The corn planting area is generally in the diminishing returns to scale, with other crops such as soybean showing increasing returns to scale. (3) The unit fertilizer input, the level of agricultural horsepower, the yield per hectare and other factors have a significant impact on the efficiency of arable land use. The government should strengthen the scale of production management, improve technical efficiency, pay attention to supervision and guidance, effectively improve the utilization efficiency of arable land in the black soil area, protect the arable land resources in black soil areas and ensure the farmers’ income.