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我们观察了用军用水壶进行饮水消毒时三种消毒剂与三卤甲烷(THMs)形成的关系.消毒剂分别为次氯酸钙(Ca(OCl)_2)、氯溴异氰尿酸钠(RBrCl)和氯溴异氰尿酸钠加碘化钾(RBrCl+KI).实验结果表明:(1)消毒剂的化学组成不同,导致产生的THMs的组成也不同.次氯酸钙主要产生氯仿、二氯一溴甲烷和一氧二溴甲烷;而RBrCl和RBrCl+KI则主要产生溴仿.(2)THMs的生成量随消毒时间的延长、水温升高、消毒剂的增加和水中有机物总量的增加而增高.(3)当水的pH为8～9时,THMs的生成量较高,若低于或高于此范围,THMs的生成量均减少.(4)消毒河水24h后,形成的THMs量都超过100μg/L(美国标准).消毒井水,24h后所形成的THMs均低于100μg/L.消毒塘水,仅2h后形成的THMs的量即都超过100μg/L.(5)三种消毒荆,消毒时间在24h内,消毒三种水源水所形成的氯仿量都低于60μg/L(中国标准).但超过24h后,仅次氯酸钙导致氯仿量超过60μg/L.
We observed the relationship between three disinfectants and the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water disinfection with military kettles.The disinfectants were calcium hypochlorite (Ca (OCl) 2), sodium bromochloroisocyanurate (RBrCl) And sodium chlorobromide isocyanurate plus potassium iodide (RBrCl + KI) .The experimental results show that: (1) The chemical composition of the disinfectant is different, resulting in the composition of THMs are also different.Chloric hypochlorite mainly produce chloroform, dichlorobromomethane And bromodifluoromethane, while RBrCl and RBrCl + KI produced mainly bromoform. (2) The formation of THMs increased with the increase of disinfection time, water temperature, the increase of disinfectants and the total amount of organic compounds in water. (3) When the pH of water is 8 ~ 9, the formation of THMs is high, and if it is lower or higher, the amount of THMs produced will decrease. (4) After 24h of disinfection, the amount of THMs formed exceeds 100μg / L (American standard) .The well water was disinfected, the THMs formed after 24h were less than 100μg / L. The amount of THMs formed in the water of the disinfection pond was more than 100μg / L after only 2h. (5) Jing, disinfection time within 24h, disinfection of the three sources of water formed by the amount of chloroform are less than 60μg / L (Chinese standard), but more than 24h, only calcium hypochlorite lead to chloroform super 60μg / L.