苗侗民族聚居地黔东南地区自明代以来一直是我国传统的林业主产区之一。从明末清初的砍伐天然林开始,苗侗地区进入了过度采伐期;与此同时,也导致了水土流失等问题。为了长远的生计,苗侗民族开始在反思中转变林业生产方式,以人工营林为主,保林护林、边种边伐。用传统的民族法文化资源来保护林业资源,还将一系列环境的保护方法和措施高度凝炼为保护环境和林业发展的谚语,集中体现了苗侗民族对林业保护的重视。新中国成立后,林业保护习惯法转化为村规民约的形式继续存在,在民族内部成为村落社会保护林业的一种新的制度,以内化控制的方式发挥着重要作用。在新时期,苗侗民族的林业保护习惯法文化在林业保护、林业发展中仍起着十分重要的作用。 Miao and Dong ethnic settlements in southeastern Guizhou since the Ming Dynasty has been one of China’s traditional main forestry areas. From the cutting of natural forests in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the Miao and Tong areas entered an over-harvesting period. At the same time, they also caused soil erosion and other issues. In order to make a long-term livelihood, the Miao and Dong peoples began to change the mode of forestry production in their introspection. The artificial forest was the mainstay. Protecting forestry resources with traditional ethnic and legal culture resources and also highly condensed a series of environmental protection methods and measures into proverbs for the protection of the environment and forestry development epitomize the importance that Miao and Dong peoples attach to forestry protection. After the founding of new China, the form of customary law of forestry protection into village rules continued to exist, and became a new system of social protection of forestry in villages within the nation. It played an important role in the way of internalization control. In the new era, Miao and Dong peoples’ customary law of forestry protection culture still plays an important role in the development of forestry protection and forestry.