公正的基本精神是人们在经济上、政治上追求平等、正义的要求。马克思主义认为公正必须在经济上实现平等,在生产资料上消灭私有制,实行公有制;在财富上消灭剥削,实现按劳分配。但在后来的社会主义实践中证明,单一的公有制和按劳分配造成效率低下、普遍贫穷、权力集中等问题。西方学者批判公有制和按劳分配带来效率低下、失去社会公正、专制集权等弊端。邓小平提出实行多种所有制和多种分配形式,解决效率问题;同时消除两极分化,逐步实现共同富裕,在实践上逐步解决社会公正的问题。 The basic principle of fairness is the demand that people pursue equality and justice economically and politically. Marxism holds that justice must be economically equal, eliminate private ownership of the means of production, and implement public ownership; eliminate exploitation on wealth and achieve distribution according to work. However, it was proved later in socialist practice that single public ownership and distribution according to work resulted in such problems as inefficiency, widespread poverty and concentration of power. Western scholars criticize the public ownership and the distribution according to work with inefficiencies, social injustice, and autocratic centralization. Deng Xiaoping proposed the implementation of various forms of ownership and various forms of distribution so as to solve the issue of efficiency while eliminating the issue of polarization and gradually realizing common prosperity and gradually solving social injustice in practice.