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为调查轻型汽车流水线工人的体力劳动强度,我们对6种汽车部件生产流水线工人进行了调查,共计包括35个工种269个岗位的448名工人,结果表明:该流水线作业工人以固定姿势每日重复单一动作。这种工序(单项)劳动能量代谢率的人群分布中值为8.4kJ/min·m~2;劳动时间率的分布中值在40％～60％之间,平均为61.8％,平均净劳动时间长达370min;工作日内总能耗范围在3000～5200 kJ/人·d,工作日均能量代谢率为7.1kJ/min·m~2;平均体力劳动强度属于Ⅰ级。轻型汽车流水线工人的劳动能耗特点是,日均劳动能耗低,单项劳动能耗高,净劳动时间较长,但绝大多数工人都划为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级劳动强度。因此建议应在现行国家标准的指导下,制订出适合汽车流水线工人劳动特点的,实用性强的行业体力劳动强度分级标准。
To investigate the physical labor intensity of light-duty assembly line workers, we surveyed six automotive assembly line workers, comprising a total of 448 workers in 35 jobs and 269 jobs. The results showed that the assembly line workers repeated daily in fixed positions Single action. The average population distribution of labor energy metabolism rate in this process was 8.4 kJ / min · m ~ 2. The median distribution of labor time rate was between 40% and 60% with an average of 61.8%. The mean net working time Up to 370 min. The total energy consumption ranged from 3000 to 5200 kJ / person · d on weekdays, and the mean energy expenditure per day was 7.1 kJ / min · m 2. The average manual labor intensity belonged to level Ⅰ. The characteristics of labor energy consumption of light-duty automobile assembly line workers are as follows: low daily energy consumption, high energy consumption per unit labor, and long net working time, but most workers are classified as Ⅰ and Ⅱ labor intensity. Therefore, it is suggested that, under the guidance of the current national standards, a classification standard of practical manual labor intensity suitable for the labor characteristics of automobile assembly line workers should be drawn up.