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目的调查深圳某区洁净车间劳动者对职业病防治知识知晓情况及对职业病防护的信念和行为情况。方法采取整群抽样问卷调查的方法,对30企业的1 029名劳动者进行不同文化程度和工龄的比较。结果高中及中专和大专及以上文化程度的两组劳动者对《职业病防治法》、职业病的定义、自己接触的职业危害的知晓率高于初中及以下组(P<0.05);高中及中专与大专及以上两组劳动者佩戴防护用品,出现手脚麻木时,要求进行职业病诊断的主动行动率高于初中及以下组(P<0.05)。4~5年工龄的劳动者对《职业病防治法》、自己接触的职业危害和麻木属于正己烷(白电油)中毒症状的知晓率高于1年以下和1~3年工龄的劳动者(P<0.05);4~5年工龄的劳动者佩戴防护用品和出现手脚麻木时要求进行职业病诊断的主动行动率高于1年以下和1~3年工龄的劳动者(P<0.05)。结论企业和职业病防治机构应重点对文化程度较低和刚入职的劳动者进行职业病防治知识宣传培训,使其养成主动进行职业病危害防护的行为习惯,从而降低职业中毒的风险。
Objective To investigate the knowledge of prevention and treatment of occupational disease and the belief and behavior of occupational disease prevention among laborers in a certain area in Shenzhen. Methods The method of cluster sampling survey was used to compare the different education levels and seniority of 1029 workers in 30 enterprises. Results The awareness rate of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law, the definition of occupational diseases and occupational hazards exposed by themselves were higher in two groups of workers in high school, secondary technical school and college than in junior high school and above education level (P <0.05). High school and middle school Special protective equipment for college workers and above two groups of workers wearing protective equipment, numb hands and feet, the requirements for occupational disease diagnosis of active than the rate of junior high school and below (P <0.05). Workers with a working age of 4 to 5 years are aware of occupational hazards and their occupational hazards and numbness awareness of symptoms of n-hexane (white oil) poisoning more than 1 year and 1 to 3 years of service P <0.05). Workers with 4-5 years of service wearing protective equipment and occupational diseases diagnosed with numbness were higher than those who worked less than 1 year and 1-3 years (P <0.05). Conclusion Enterprises and occupational disease prevention and treatment agencies should focus on the education of workers with low education level and newly recruited workers to carry out publicity and training on knowledge of occupational disease prevention and control so that they can develop behavioral habits that proactively protect occupational hazards and reduce the risk of occupational poisoning.