一、罗伯兹规则的出台传闻证据规则是美国证据规则的有机组成部分,更是美国证据规则中最为复杂、最引人注目的部分。言其复杂,主要在于,传闻证据规则的例外已然成为该规则的主要内容并在继续被扩容,意欲对这些例外“了如指掌”并得心地应用于诉讼,非有大量的工时及人力,恐难如愿。说其引人注目,则是因为,传闻证据规则与美国宪法第六修正案之对质条款密切相关:排除传闻的使用,无疑尊重了公民的对质权,而传闻例外的一再涌现,又置对质权于不顾。游移于对人权 I. Introduction of Roberts Rules The rules of hearsay evidence are an integral part of the rules of evidence in the United States and the most complicated and conspicuous part of the evidence rules in the United States. Its complexity lies mainly in the fact that the exception to the rule of hearsay has become the main element of the rule and continues to be expanded in the hope of being “well aware” of these exceptions and applying it with great care to litigation, without substantial man-hours and manpower. Difficult to do so. To say the least is because the rules of hearsay are closely related to the clause of the sixth amendment of the U.S. Constitution: the exclusion of rumors undoubtedly respects the right of pledge by citizens, and the repeated appearance of rumor exceptions and the right of pledge Regardless of. Swing over to human rights