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正当防卫是法律赋予公民直接同违法犯罪行为作斗争的一种权利。由于绝大多数防卫行为都是以造成不法侵害人伤亡为代价,故刑法对正当防卫的成立规定了严格的条件。此外,刑法还规定了防卫过当和无过当防卫两种特殊防卫行为。以两起典型案件为例,结合刑法正当防卫理论,从防卫的起因、时间、目的、对象等方面对防卫过当和无过当防卫进行剖析,并在此基础上肯定防卫过当和无过当防卫的正当性。
Legitimate defense is a law that gives citizens a direct right to fight illegal and criminal acts. Since the vast majority of defensive acts are at the expense of causing unlawful infringement of human lives, the Criminal Law sets strict conditions for the establishment of a proper defense. In addition, the criminal law also stipulates two special defensive acts of over-defense and over-defense. Taking two typical cases as an example, in combination with the theory of justifiable defense of criminal law, this article analyzes the causes of over-defense and over-defense from the aspects of cause, time, purpose and object of defense, and on this basis, When the defense is justified.