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法律意识是社会意识的一种,是人们对于法律和有关法律现象的观点、态度的总称。长期以来,学界关于古代法律制度的研究著述可谓汗牛充栋,但对于法律意识,尤其是民间法律意识的研究却少有问津。明清笔记小说中的繁多案狱故事不仅描摹了古代的司法实践活动,同时也传达了当时民众对于司法实践的认知、态度和情感。本文即以此为切入点,考察明清乡民视野中的法律意识,试图彰显中国传统法律文化的另一侧面。
Legal consciousness is a kind of social consciousness, which is a collective name of people’s opinions and attitudes toward law and related legal phenomena. For a long time, academic writings on the ancient legal system can be described as numerous, but for legal awareness, especially the study of civil law awareness is seldom concerned. The numerous jail stories in the novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties not only traced the ancient judicial practice but also conveyed the people’s cognition, attitude and emotion toward the judicial practice at that time. This article is based on this as a starting point, examining the legal consciousness of villagers in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, trying to highlight the other side of the traditional Chinese legal culture.