美国女作家伊迪丝·沃顿的著名中篇小说《伊坦·弗洛姆》叙述了男主人公伊坦·弗洛姆和泽娜无爱的婚姻生活以及他与玛蒂悲惨凄美的婚外恋情。这篇小说很适合用奥地利精神分析学家弗洛伊德关于人的心理结构分为“本我”“自我”和“超我”三个层次的理论来进行解读。伊坦·弗洛姆既是新英格兰封闭、严酷的自然环境的牺牲品,更是当时的社会道德规范的牺牲品。 The famous American novelist Edith Wharton’s novella Ethan Flåm describes the unmarried marriage of male protagonists Ethan Flåm and Zena and his miserable extramarital affair with Marty . The novel is well suited to interpret the Austrian psychoanalytic theory of Freud on the psychological structure of the human being into three levels: “self”, “self” and “super self”. Ethan Flåm is not only a victim of the closed and harsh natural environment of New England, but also a victim of social morality at that time.