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减载的目的是通过减小气流攻角,降低作用在箭体上的气动载荷,从而提高结构强度的可靠性,也有降低结构重量、提高运载能力的效果。在各种减载技术中,被动的弹道修正法被普遍应用于运载火箭,但设计人员一直在寻求主动的减载技术,通过对横法向过载的直接控制,或估算出气流攻角进行控制,以提高火箭的适应能力。本文结合已有的测量数据,对上述各种技术的原理以及效果进行分析。可以预见的是,随着参数精度的提高带动主动减载技术的应用,将能进一步提升长征系列运载火箭的竞争力。
The purpose of load shedding is to reduce the air flow attack angle and reduce the aerodynamic load acting on the rocket body, thereby improving the reliability of the structural strength and reducing the weight of the structure and improving the carrying capacity. Passive ballistic correction is widely used in launch vehicles in various load shedding technologies, but designers have been seeking active load shedding techniques that can be controlled either by direct control of lateral normal overload or by estimating the angle of attack of the flow , To improve the rocket’s ability to adapt. In this paper, with the existing measurement data, the principles and effects of the above techniques are analyzed. It is foreseeable that the application of active load shedding technology as the accuracy of the parameters is increased will further enhance the competitiveness of the Long March series of carrier rockets.