本文对20世纪东汉与魏晋佛教考古研究作了系统地述评,重点评论了对佛教传入中国之始的考古学观察,对汉晋时期的孔望山、佛兽镜、谷仓罐上的佛像的研究,对西秦时期炳灵寺169窟的研究,对早期龟兹石窟的分期研究与报告的编写等考古工作。这些研究充分论述了中国早期佛教艺术的发展与中亚、印度的密切关系。同时,学者们也探讨了中国佛教信徒与艺术家在接受外来艺术品时的态度——由模仿到加工、再创作。20世纪研究的另一项成果就是资料的发表。一大批由实地考察得出的新资料的涌现,为学者们的进一步研究提供了翔实的客观资料。但与后期佛教艺术相比,早期佛教考古研究的最大障碍仍是资料的不全面。因此对一些早期佛教艺术史问题仍不能得以充分了解。所以,今后对早期佛教考古的研究突破,将会以新资料的发现来带动。 This article systematically reviews the Buddhist archeology research in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin dynasties in the 20th century. It mainly reviews the archaeological observations of the beginning of Buddhism’s introduction into China, the study on the Buddhist statues of Kongwang Mountain, Research, research on Cave 169 of Bingling Temple in Xiqin Period, archeological work on staging study and report on early Kudu Grottoes. These studies fully expound the close relationship between the development of early Buddhist art in China and Central Asia and India. At the same time, scholars also discussed the attitude of Chinese Buddhist believers and artists in accepting foreign artworks - from imitation to processing and then creation. Another result of 20th century research is the publication of information. The emergence of a large number of new materials derived from the fieldwork provided detailed and objective information for further research by scholars. However, compared with the later Buddhist art, the biggest obstacle in the study of early Buddhist archeology is the incomplete data. Therefore, some early Buddhist art history issues still can not be fully understood. Therefore, future breakthroughs in the study of early Buddhist archeology will be driven by the discovery of new information.