我国的民族区域自治制度是我国解决民族问题的基本政策和制度， 改革开放促进了民族区域自治制度的建设。本文论述了在深化改革、扩大开放、谋求发展的新的历史时期，民族自治地方如何行使好自治权力的问题， 并提出实行真正的民族区域自治， 应注意处理好几个关系， 即： 自治地方和上级国家机关的关系； 行使自治权的民族和其他民族的关系； 政治形式与目标的关系， 以及市场经济条件下的民族关系等 The system of ethnic regional autonomy in our country is the basic policy and system of our country to solve ethnic issues, and the reform and opening up promote the construction of the system of ethnic regional autonomy. This paper discusses the issue of how to exercise the power of autonomy in the new historical period of deepening reform, opening up and seeking development. It also proposes that the implementation of genuine ethnic regional autonomy should pay attention to handling several relations, namely: The relations between higher state organs; the relations between the ethnic groups exercising autonomy and other nationalities; the relations between political forms and goals and ethnic relations under market economy