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本文旨在初步论述马克思实践自由观的理论前提。文章分为三个部分:第一部分说明古代西方哲学家的自由观;第二部分说明中世纪西方哲学家的自由观;第三部分说明近代西方哲学家的自由观。三个不同时期的哲学观对自由的理解和阐释为马克思实践自由观的创立提供了重要的理论基础。但是它们的症结是:在存在论基础上执迷于思维的内在性,脱离了人的现实生活,马克思正是在此与之分道扬镳。
The purpose of this paper is to preliminarily discuss the theoretical premise of Marx’s practice of freedom. The article is divided into three parts: the first part explains the concept of freedom of the ancient Western philosophers; the second part explains the concept of freedom of the Western philosophers in the Middle Ages; and the third part explains the concept of freedom of modern Western philosophers. The understanding and interpretation of freedom from three different philosophical views provide an important theoretical basis for the establishment of Marx’s practice of freedom. However, the crux of the problem is that the intrinsic obsession with thinking on the basis of ontology divorced people’s real life, and it is here that Marx separates them from each other.