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目的探讨长期低浓度接触混合有机溶剂对制鞋作业工人肝脏的影响。方法对生产车间使用甲苯、苯、二氯乙烷、正己烷等混合有机溶剂的某鞋业工厂347名工人(接触组)和工厂无毒物接触史后勤人员321人(对照组)进行肝脏B超检查,比较两组检查结果。结果生产车间使用的有机溶剂的时间加权平均浓度均未超过职业接触限值。接触组弥漫性肝回声音改变、肝大的检出率均高于对照组,上述指标在两组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=27.8、12.5,P<0.05)。将两组各分成6个工龄段,弥漫性肝回声改变的检出率在工龄大于等于2年(4个工龄段)的两组员工间比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=8.9、10.2、10.2、10.5,P<0.05),两组的异常检出率均随着工龄的增加而升高。结论较长时间接触混合有机溶剂对作业工人肝脏可能存在慢性损害,应注意预防。
Objective To investigate the effect of long-term low-concentration exposure to mixed organic solvents on the liver of shoe-making workers. Methods A total of 347 workers in a shoe factory (contact group) and 321 non-toxic contact history staff (control group) in a shoe factory using organic solvents such as toluene, benzene, dichloroethane and n-hexane in the production workshop were enrolled in this study. Check, compare the two groups of test results. Results The time-weighted average concentrations of the organic solvents used in the production workshop did not exceed the occupational exposure limits. In the contact group, the change of diffuse liver echo and the detection rate of hepatomegaly were all higher than those in the control group. There was significant difference in the above indexes between the two groups (χ2 = 27.8,12.5, P <0.05). The two groups were divided into 6 years of service, the detection rate of diffuse liver echo changes in the two years of service life of more than or equal to 2 years (4 years of service) between the two groups of workers, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 8.9,10.2 , 10.2, 10.5, P <0.05). The abnormal detection rate of both groups increased with the increase of seniority. Conclusion Long-term exposure to mixed organic solvents may cause chronic damage to the liver of working workers. Attention should be paid to prevention.