绝大多数膀胱移行细胞癌(TCC)属表浅型,经尿道切除后复发率高。目前,TCC已位居美国泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤发病的第二位,并占到尿路肿瘤病死率的第二位。在过去的20年间,膀胱癌的发病率有所升高。70%-80%的TCC患者表现为低度恶性、非浸润性或局限于黏膜内的浅表型乳头状瘤,经尿道 The vast majority of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a superficial type, high recurrence rate after transurethral resection. Currently, TCC is the second most common malignant tumor of the genitourinary system in the United States and the second most common cause of urinary tract cancer mortality. In the past 20 years, the incidence of bladder cancer has increased. 70% -80% of TCC patients with low grade malignancy, non-invasive or confined to the mucosal superficial papilloma, transurethral