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一、引 言 产品质量很大程度上取决于锻坯质量,提高锻坯质量对于提高产品质量至关重要。 本厂的气门锻坯质量长期不够稳定,除了一些其它类型的缺陷以外,其中盘部端面上产生“环形圈”（实际是环形折叠纹）是一种常见缺陷。由于“环形圈”是以折叠的外形出现,其深度常常不易判断和检测。要想了解缺陷的深度,必须通过破坏性纵向剖切后观察。“环形圈”深度若超过机加工尺寸余量（本厂气门端面机加工余量一般定在1～1.5mm）,机加工后的成品就会因不符合图纸要求而报废,即造成原材料、工时等方面的浪费。 为了避免或减少上述浪费,对气门锻坯“环形圈”缺陷产生的原因、过程等进行理论分析,从而达到锻坯质量的早期判定,甚至彻底避免该缺陷的产生,无疑是具有一定意义和价值的。 本文试图从气门锻坯的电镦加热,锻造成形中与质量有关的一系列因素的影响入手,通过对锻坯的整个变形形式、过程及其应力状态进行理论分析,判明“环形圈”产生的原因和过程,以便找出预防该缺陷的途径。
I. INTRODUCTION Product quality depends largely on the quality of forging billet, improve the quality of forging billet is essential to improve product quality. The quality of the valve forging billets is not stable enough for a long time. In addition to some other types of defects, the “ring ring” (actually a ring-shaped folding ridge) on the end face of the disk section is a common defect. As the “ring” is a folded appearance, its depth is often not easy to judge and testing. To understand the depth of defects, it must be observed after destructive longitudinal dissection. If the depth of the “annular ring” exceeds the machining allowance (the machining allowance of the valve end face of the valve is generally set to 1 ~ 1.5mm), the machined finished product will be scrapped if it does not meet the requirements of the drawings, that is, the raw material, And so on the waste. In order to avoid or reduce the above-mentioned waste, theoretical analysis of the reason, process and so on of the valve ring “ring ring” defects, so as to achieve the early determination of the quality of the forging blank, or even completely avoid the defect, is undoubtedly of significance and value of. This paper attempts to start from the electrical upsetting forging of the valve forging, quality forging and forging a series of factors to start with, by the deformation of the entire form of the blank, the process and the stress state of theoretical analysis, that “ring” generated Causes and processes in order to find ways to prevent the defect.