固体结构内部瞬态温度场的无损测量在航空航天、机械制造与材料加工等领域都具有十分重要的作用.本文基于超声波传播速度与温度的相关性,建立了超声测量各向同性材料内部瞬态温度分布的模型,从反演角度入手,将瞬态非均匀温度场的重建问题转化为热边界的反演和热传导正问题计算的问题,应用参数辨识中的共轭梯度法,发展了一种高分辨率的温度场重建方法,并通过数值仿真系统分析算法的精度、抗噪性和稳定性等特性,最后,进行了实验验证与分析.研究表明:基于超声渡越时间反演得到的热边界条件,符合物理实际,重建得到的结构内部瞬态温度分布精度较高、实时性好、适用性强,有利于促进超声无损测温技术的发展,具有重要的工程应用价值. Nondestructive measurement of transient temperature field in solid structure plays an important role in the fields of aerospace, machine building and material processing.Based on the correlation between ultrasonic propagation velocity and temperature, a method of ultrasonic measurement of internal transients of isotropic materials Temperature distribution model, from the point of view of inversion, the reconstruction of transient inhomogeneous temperature field is transformed into the inversion of the thermal boundary and the calculation of the positive heat conduction problem. By using the conjugate gradient method in parameter identification, High-resolution temperature field reconstruction method, and the numerical simulation system analysis of the algorithm accuracy, noise immunity and stability and other characteristics, and finally, the experimental verification and analysis of the results show that: based on ultrasonic transit time to obtain the heat The boundary conditions are in line with the physical reality. The transient temperature distribution in the reconstructed structure has high accuracy, good real-time and applicability, which is helpful to promote the development of ultrasonic non-destructive temperature measurement technology and has important engineering application value.