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招惹规则属于德国判例法的一项成果,主要由近50年以来一系列追踪判例发展而来。根据德国联邦最高法院的审判要旨,凡以可谴责的方式,使他人受到招惹,并出于正当的动机实施某种介入行为,引起风险升高,而且介入的目的与风险处于适度的关系,则须对所产生的损害承担赔偿责任。关于这一规则的理论争鸣主要集中在对“适当性”这项构成要件的理解、该规则与其他因果关系理论的关系以及它在各种精神中介的因果关系案例类型中的可适用性。我国侵权法可以通过吸纳德国招惹规则要求的核心构成要件,构建一般因果关系理论上的招惹标准,作为相当性补充标准,用于认定相应精神中介的因果关系。
The provocation rule is a result of the German case law, which has evolved from a series of follow-up cases in the past 50 years. According to the trial of the German Federal Supreme Court, where there is a condemnable way of provoking others and exercising some kind of intervention on the basis of legitimate motives, raising the risk and the purpose and risk of the intervention are in modest relations, then The damage caused shall be liable for compensation. The theoretical debate on this rule has focused mainly on the understanding of the constitutional element of “appropriateness”, its relation to other theories of causality and its applicability in the types of causation cases of various mental intermediaries . The tort law in our country can build up the theoretical provocation standard of general causality by absorbing the core elements of Germany’s provocation rules, and supplement the criterion of causality as the causation of corresponding psychic intermediaries.