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笛卡儿在其思想的前期和后期提出了两种并不完全相同的灵魂概念。通过仔细辨别灵魂与精神、灵魂与思维、灵魂与观念、灵魂与身体等概念的关联,文章认为,笛卡儿的灵魂可以简单地定义为一种思维的自我。在这个基础上,通过与托马斯.阿奎那的灵魂概念进行对比,可以进一步领略笛卡儿灵魂概念的变革意义,也即,将对灵魂的研究从对自然、宇宙等的形而上学研究中解放出来,专注于对灵魂的思维属性的研究,从而促进了认识论的兴起。虽然笛卡儿并未解决由于这一变革所带来的问题,但是,他的这一变革使得对灵魂的讨论进入了一个新的时代。
Descartes proposed two not identical concepts of souls in the early and late stages of his thought. By carefully identifying the relationship between soul and spirit, soul and mind, soul and concept, soul and body, the article holds that Descartes’ soul can be simply defined as a thinking ego. On this basis, through the comparison with the soul concept of Thomas Aquinas, we can further appreciate the meaning of the transformation of Descartes’ soul concept, that is, liberating the study of the soul from the metaphysics of nature and the universe , Focused on the study of the soul’s thinking attributes, thus contributing to the rise of epistemology. Although Descartes did not solve the problems posed by this change, his transformation led the discussion of souls into a new era.