水痘脑炎较少见、而以脑神经症状为首发症状者更为罕见。现将我科收治的一例报道如下。患儿王某,男,7岁,因发热、头痛、呕吐十小时入院。体检:体温39.5℃,精神恍惚,急性病容,全身皮肤未见皮疹、水泡及出血点。心肺正常,脑膜刺激征(+),克氏征(+),巴氏征(+)。实验室检查:血白细胞13.2×10_9/L,中性粒细胞56％,淋巴细胞44％。脑脊液:蛋白(+),糖22.2mnol/L,氯化物18mmol/L,细胞数14个,以淋巴细胞为主。入院后给予对症治疗,体温降至正常,之后有时体温又可上升。于第三日出现抽搐一次,病情进行性加重,于第七日见到头面部出现大小不等的疱疹数枚,高出皮肤,似黄豆大小,呈圆形或椭圆形,底部 Chickenpox encephalitis is less common, and those with neurological symptoms as the first symptom are more rare. Now we receive a case report as follows. Wang children, male, 7 years old, due to fever, headache, vomiting ten hours admitted. Physical examination: body temperature 39.5 ℃, trance, acute disease, systemic skin no rash, blisters and bleeding points. Cardiopulmonary normal, meningeal irritation sign (+), Kirschner sign (+), Pakistan sign (+). Laboratory tests: white blood cells 13.2 × 10_9 / L, 56% of neutrophils, lymphocytes 44%. Cerebrospinal fluid: protein (+), sugar 22.2mnol / L, chloride 18mmol / L, the number of cells 14, mainly lymphocytes. After admission to give symptomatic treatment, body temperature dropped to normal, and sometimes body temperature may rise. Convulsions occurred on the third day, progressive aggravating conditions, on the seventh day to see the head and face appear several sizes herpes, above the skin, like the size of soybeans, was round or oval, the bottom