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为了解油茶花粉直感效应对油茶种实特征的影响,以油茶主栽品种‘长林3号’和‘长林4号’为母本,‘长林166号’、‘长林53号’和‘长林18号’为父本进行人工授粉,对不同授粉处理的当代杂交种实特征以及油脂脂肪酸组分进行评价。结果表明:‘长林3号’和‘长林4号’两个母本品种在果实果形指数、鲜出籽率、单籽粒质量、种仁含油率及脂肪酸组分特征方面差异显著;花粉直感效应对座果率、果质量、鲜出籽率、单籽粒质量和含油率影响显著,而果形指数和种子油脂主要脂肪酸组分则没有表现出明显的花粉直感效应;果实性状座果率、果质量和鲜出籽率的相对花粉直感效应值(RX值)分别在-10.00%~81.14%、-46.15%~38.60%和-8.31%~19.29%之间变化,种子性状单籽粒质量和含油率的RX值分别在-24.63%~22.69%和0.30%~11.17%间变化,说明通过杂交授粉能提高种子含油率。可见,花粉直感效应对油茶果质量、单籽粒质量、鲜出籽率的影响并不都是向着优于亲本的方向转化,其效果受亲本因素的影响较大;杂交座果率是油茶品种配置栽培中首先需要考虑的问题,该研究中‘长林3号’的适宜配置授粉品种为‘长林53号’和‘长林18号’,‘长林4号’的适宜配置授粉品种为‘长林53号’和‘长林166号’。
In order to understand the direct effect of Camellia oleifera pollen on the seed characteristics of Camellia oleifera main varieties ’Changlin 3’ and ’Changlin 4’ as the female parent, ’Changlin 166’, ’Changlin 53’ and ’Chang Lin 18’ was used as the male parent for artificial pollination, and the characteristics of hybrids and the fatty acid composition of the oils and fats of different pollination treatments were evaluated. The results showed that the two female parent varieties, ’Changlin 3’ and ’Changlin 4’, had significant differences in fruit shape index, fresh seed yield, single grain quality, seed oil content and fatty acid composition characteristics. Pollen The direct effect had a significant effect on the fruit set rate, fruit quality, fresh seed yield, single grain quality and oil content, while the fruit shape index and the main fatty acid composition of seed oil did not show obvious pollen directly effect. , The relative pollen direct effect value (RX value) of fruit quality and fresh-cut seed rate varied from -10.00% to 81.14%, -46.15% to 38.60% and -8.31% to 19.29%, respectively. The single grain quality The RX value of oil content varied from -24.63% to 22.69% and from 0.30% to 11.17% respectively, which indicated that the oil content of seed could be increased by cross-pollination. It can be seen that the direct effect of pollen on the quality of Camellia oleifera fruit, single grain quality, fresh seed yield rate are not all toward better than the parental transformation, the effect of the parental factors greater impact; hybrid fruit rate is Camellia variety configuration The first problem to be considered in cultivation is that the suitable pollination varieties for ’Changlin 3’ in this study are ’Changlin 53’ and ’Changlin 18’ and ’Changlin 4’ Changlin 53 ’and’ Changlin 166 ’.