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由政府或其衍生机构(如村委会)在超过社区规模的范围里,试图提供社区本来可以提供的公共品,就会发生广泛的村民“搭便车”行为。这是一种低效率的公共治理方式。自治组织设置下沉很大程度上避免了这种低效率机制,形成了由比较高效的小型熟人社会单元所支撑的公共品供应机制2015年中共中央一号文件要求创新和完善乡村治理机制,提出“在有实际需要的地方,扩大以村民小组为基本单元的村民自治试点,继续搞好以社区为基本单元的村民自治
When the government or its derivatives agencies (such as villagers ’committees) try to provide public goods that communities can already provide within the limits of community size, extensive villagers’ free-riding behavior will occur. This is an inefficient way of public administration. The sinking of self-governing organizations largely avoided this inefficient mechanism and formed a public goods supply mechanism supported by a relatively efficient small acquaintance social unit. In 2015, document No.1 of the CPC Central Committee called for innovating and perfecting rural governance mechanisms and put forward ”Where there is a real need, expand pilot programs of village self-government with villager groups as the basic unit and continue to do a good job of villager autonomy with community as the basic unit