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商鞅变法之后,秦国法律体系迅速发展。律、令、式等作为秦法的三种主要形式,随着官僚体系变革的不断深入,以及实现各自功能的需要,形成了彼此差异巨大的书写格式,可分别被概括为“正文+律名”的条文式、“‘抬头’+正文+律名(因所处转化阶段不同或有或无)”或“条文式”的行政命令式、“条文式+多种文书形式”的复合式。另根据律法文书书写格式的固定性和时代性特征,可知《龙岗秦简》中的律文缺乏律名的真正原因可能在于其抄写者身份和具体用途比较特殊,而非残断过甚;其出土墓葬的年代下限也应为秦始皇三十七年而非整理者所推断的汉高祖三年。
After Shang Yang’s reform, the legal system of Qin is developing rapidly. As the three main forms of law of Qin, law, order, and so on, with the deepening of the bureaucratic system reform and the need to realize their respective functions, great writing formats have been formed, which can be summed up as “text + law ”“ Letterhead + text law name (due to the different stage of the transition or not) ”or “ style ”of the administrative order, “ Paper form ”compound. In addition, according to the fixedness and the characteristics of the times in the legal writing format, we can see that the real reason why the essay lacks the law in Longgang Qinjian may lie in its special identity and specific use rather than incompleteness. The lower limit of unearthed tombs should also be the emperor of the emperor 37 years rather than finishing the Han emperor for three years.