工人运动是西方社会运动的主要组成部分,马克思主义也十分重视对于工人运动的研究。然而,各资本主义国家工人运动的发展并没有按照学者们的设想而进行。第二次工业革命以后,资本主义国家工人运动发生了许多重要变化,其中最为明显的是工人运动逐渐由激进转为保守。促使工人运动发生如此转化的重要原因在于工人阶级认同感遭到社会各种机制的分割,这些社会机制包括民族主义、部门分割及生产过程中的“制造同意”、国家对社会运动的调控等。汤普森、安德森、曼和布洛维等学者分别从不同的角度对此问题进行过阐述,这些阐述既是对马克思主义的补充,也是在新的社会条件下对工人运动的重新认识,是对马克思主义的再发展。 Workers ’movement is a major component of Western social movements. Marxism also attaches great importance to the study of the workers’ movement. However, the development of the workers ’movement in the capitalist countries has not been carried out in the light of the scholars’ ideas. After the Second Industrial Revolution, many important changes took place in the workers ’movement in the capitalist countries. The most obvious of these was the shift of the workers’ movement from radicalization to conservativeness. The important reason for such transformation of the workers ’movement is that the working class identity is divided by various social mechanisms, including nationalism, division of labor and “manufacturing consent ” in the production process, and the state ’ s regulation and control of social movements Wait. Thompson, Andersen, Mann and Boulevay and other scholars have elaborated on this issue from different perspectives. These expositions are not only complementary to Marxism, but also a re-understanding of the workers’ movement in the new social conditions, Redevelopment.