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北京成功获得2008年奥运会的举办权后,许多人将目光集中于这届奥运会可能带来的经济效益,这当然是社会进步的一种表现。如果奥运会早几年办,可能又是只算政治账,不算经济账,奥运会也就成了一项不计成本的形象工程。从1976年蒙特利尔奥运会留下巨额赤字后,奥运会的经济效益成为历届主办者关注的焦点,也成为人们衡量一届奥运会成功与否的关键指标。但是,如果将眼光局限在奥运会的经济效益上,我们可能会在相当程度上浪费这一难得的历史机遇。客观地讲,奥运会本身对举办国家的经济影响是相当有限的,在筹备和举办奥运会数年间产生的经济效益在举办国国内生产总值所占的比例甚小,如汉城奥运会为1.4％、亚特兰大为0.07％、悉尼是1.0％,就是对经济影响最大的巴塞罗那奥运会,从1986到1993年间也不过为西班牙增加了166亿美元的效益,仅相当于西班牙1992年一年国内生产总值的2.9％。对经济规模较大的国家,奥运会的经济效益可以说是微乎其微。因此,即便我们将全部注意力集中于奥运会的经济收益,充其量不过赚了几个小钱。那么举办奥运会的真正价值在哪里?我以为是完善社会运作机制。
After Beijing succeeded in obtaining the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games, many people focused their attention on the possible economic benefits brought by this Olympic Games. This of course is a manifestation of social progress. If the Olympic Games did a few years ago, it may be only a political account, not an economic account, and the Olympic Games will become an image project without cost. After leaving a huge deficit in the Montreal Olympic Games in 1976, the economic benefits of the Olympic Games have become the focus of previous sponsors and become the key indicators for people to measure the success of an Olympic Games. However, if we look beyond the economic benefits of the Olympic Games, we may waste to a considerable extent this rare historic opportunity. Objectively speaking, the economic impact of the Olympic Games itself on host countries is rather limited. The economic benefits of preparing and hosting the Olympic Games for a few years represent a very small proportion of the host country’s GDP. For example, the Seoul Olympic Games is 1.4% and Atlanta 0.07%, Sydney is 1.0%, is the most economic impact of the Barcelona Olympics, from 1986 to 1993 but also for Spain increased by 16.6 billion U.S. dollars, equivalent to Spain’s 1992 annual GDP of 2.9% . For countries with large economies, the economic benefits of the Olympic Games can be described as minimal. So, even if we focus all our attention on the economic benefits of the Olympic Games, we have made a few small profits at best. So what is the real value of hosting the Olympic Games? I think it is to improve the social operation mechanism.